Observational and Numerical Evidence of Depressed Convective Boundary Layer Heights near a Mountain Base
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent field and numerical studies show evidence of the existence of a convective boundary layer height depression near a mountain base. This depression can have implications for air pollutant transport and concentrations in complex terrain. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, idealized simulations with a mesoscale numerical model are performed and combined with available observations. The idealized simulations with a single mountain ridge of various dimensions suggest that the depression evolves in time, is most pronounced in the late afternoon, and becomes larger as slope steepness increases. Observations and modeling results show that the atmosphere is heated more intensely near the mountain base than far away from the mountain base, not only inside the boundary layer but also above. The enhanced heating aloft affects boundary layer growth near the mountain base and is associated with the boundary layer height depression. An analysis of the different terms in the temperature tendency equation indicates that vertical and horizontal advection of warm air, associated with the thermally driven circulation along the mountain slope, play a role in this enhanced heating aloft.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".