Windthrow hazard modelling in boreal forests of black spruce and jack pine
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we compare the mechanical resistance of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and quantify the effect of species, forest cover type, and soil conditions on tree stability. To measure tree resistance to an applied load, 85 trees were pulled over using a cable and winch system. Predictive equations for the maximum turning moment that a tree can withstand (M c ) were developed with stem mass, and the other factors were used as explanatory variables. The presence of jack pine within the stand negatively affected black spruce resistance. In mixed stands, M c was significantly influenced by the interaction between tree species and soil type. Jack pine was the only species with significantly lower resistance when grown on shallow and stony soils, which are likely to restrict root development. Black spruce resistance was not affected by soil conditions. Preliminary calculations of critical wind speeds required to cause damage using an adaptation of the ForestGALES model were much lower than those previously published for black spruce.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it