Reproductive investment at stem and genet levels in male and female plants of the clonal dioecious shrub <i>Ilex leucoclada</i> (Aquifoliaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sexual dimorphism of reproductive investment (measured as dry mass of reproductive tissues) at stem and whole plant (i.e., genet) levels in a dioecious clonal shrub, Ilex leucoclada (Maxim.) Makino., was examined over 2 consecutive years. Five patches in which different genets had already been distinguished using molecular markers in a previous study were selected, and the stem length, numbers of flowers and fruits, and sex of each stem were recorded. Fresh inflorescences and fruits were randomly sampled to estimate the reproductive investment of each stem. The male plants invested more resources in flowering at both the stem and genet levels than female plants, but females invested more resources than males when fruit masses were considered in addition to flower masses. The degrees of sexual dimorphism in reproductive investment at the stem and genet levels were similar, for both flowering alone and flowering plus fruiting. However, the reproductive investment was more restricted to large stems in female genets than in males. Inter-year fluctuations in reproductive investment were greater for females than males at both levels. These results suggest that patterns of reproductive investment should be examined simultaneously at multiple modular levels to obtain a thorough understanding of gender-associated variations in clonal plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".