Starch‐based nanocomposites reinforced with layered zirconium phosphonate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A new type of layered zirconium glycine‐N,N‐dimethylphosphonate (ZGDMP), with enlarged interlayer d‐spacing and a polar carboxylate group (COO–), was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZGDMP was intercalated by n‐butylamine which further increased the d‐spacing to 1.76 nm. The modified ZGDMP (hereafter BA‐ZGDMP) was used as a nanofiller in a glycerol‐plasticized thermoplastic pea starch (PS) matrix. Compared with previous studies on PS/α‐ZrP, the present system of BA‐ZGDMP reinforced pea starch (PS/BA‐ZGDMP) presents two significant points: (i) the tensile strength was enhanced to 12.14 MPa, which was higher than that of the PS/ZrP system (9.44 MPa); and (ii) the moisture uptake of PS/BA‐ZGDMP was reduced to 59.1%, which was lower than that of the PS/ZrP system (63.1%). These results can be attributed to the introduction of functional carboxylate groups, which resulted in Van der Waals forces, stronger hydrogen bonding, and stronger interfacial adhesion and interaction between the polar BA‐ZGDMP and the polar starch matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1938–1946, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".