Is Vasculopathy Associated with Systemic Sclerosis More Severe in Men?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify possible differences in morbidity and mortality between men and women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) by examining a homogeneous cohort at a single academic center. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and outcome data for all 231 patients of Greek origin with SSc who were examined between 1995 and 2011 in our department (200 women) were recorded in consecutive 3-year intervals from disease onset; data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Factors comparable between sexes were age (yrs ± SD) at disease onset (46 ± 15 vs 46 ± 15), diffuse skin involvement (61.3% of men vs 46.4% of women), and anti-Scl-70 antibody positivity (66.6% of men vs 59.2% of women). Also comparable were prevalence of interstitial lung disease, upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement, and echocardiographic findings during the first, second, and third 3-year intervals from disease onset (2904 patient-yrs). In contrast, vasculopathy occurred earlier in men. During the first 3 years digital ulcers developed in 54% of men versus 31% of women (p = 0.036) and renal crisis developed in 17% of men versus 3% of women (p = 0.006). No significant differences regarding social history, smoking, medical history, or disease management were identified. After excluding non-SSc-related deaths, survival was worse in men (p = 0.005, Kaplan-Meier analysis) with significantly lower 6- and 12-year cumulative rates (77.2% and 53.8%, respectively, in men vs 97.3% and 89.2% in women). CONCLUSION: Results derived from an unselected SSc population indicate that the disease is more severely expressed in men than in women, a finding that could be related to more rapid development of vasculopathy in men. Studies are warranted in other single-center cohorts to confirm these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".