Identification of Novel Risks for Nonulcerative Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Men in Kisumu, Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Objectives: STI prevention interventions often aim to reduce HIV incidence. Understanding STI risks may lead to more effective HIV prevention. Goal: To identify STI risks among men aged 18–24 in Kisumu, Kenya. Study Design: We analyzed baseline data from a randomized trial of male circumcision. Participants were interviewed for sociodemographic and behavioral risks. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction assay and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) by culture. The outcome for logistic regression analysis was infection with NG, CT, or TV. Results: Among 2743 men, 214 (7.8%; 95% CI: 6.8%–8.8%) were infected with any STI. In multivariable analysis, statistically significant risks for infection were: living one's whole life in Kisumu (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.12–2.01), preferring “dry” sex (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05–2.07), HSV-2 seropositivity (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01–1.86), and inability to ejaculate during sex (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.15–3.62). Risk decreased with increasing age and education, and cleaning one's penis less than 1 hour after sex (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.80). Conclusion: Understanding how postcoital cleaning, “dry” sex, and sexual dysfunction relate to STI acquisition may improve STI and HIV prevention. We identify novel risks for nonulcerative STI among young men in Kisumu, Kenya. Understanding how postcoital cleaning, preferring “dry” sex, and sexual dysfunction relate to STI acquisition may lead to improved STI and HIV prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".