Cheyne-Stokes respiration: system identification and computer modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is a major cause of ventilatory instability during sleep in patients with heart failure (HF). Dynamic loop gain and delay of the central chemoreflex (CCR) loop was measured during wakefulness in HF patients with and without CSR using a pseudorandom binary CO/sub 2/ stimulus (PRBS) method while breathing 100% O/sub 2/. The closed-loop and open-loop central chemoreflex loop gain, estimated from the impulse response, was three times greater in patients with nocturnal CSR (n=9) than in non-CSR patients (n=9) or in a group of normal subjects (n=7). Loop dynamics, estimated by absolute delay time and 95% response duration time, did not differ among all three groups. A computational model indicates that a three-fold increase in the CCR loop gain produces periodic breathing (T=57 sec) but with an unrealistic ventilation (V/sub 1/)-arterial O/sub 2/ saturation (O/sub 2/ Sat) phase relationship. A phase relation corresponding to that reported for CSR requires an increase in delay and gain of the peripheral chemoreflex loop (PCR). The results indicate that CSR results from increased gain of the CCR loop as well as alterations of the PCR loop.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".