Using invertebrate and microbial communities to assess the condition of the hyporheic zone of a river subject to 80 years of contamination by chlorobenzenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For over 80 years, chlorobenzenes were discharged into the Sebasticook River, Maine, from a woollen mill. Environmental conditions were assessed using invertebrate and bacterial techniques that were applied to river bed sediments at three contaminated and two reference sites. Invertebrate densities and species richness did not differ markedly among the impacted sites, one reference site, and data in the literature from clean waters. Paradoxically, the highest diversity and densities of invertebrates and their eggs occurred at the most contaminated site. Insect representation was low compared with other hyporheic zones. Although chlorobenzene concentrations were much greater than published limits for freshwater life, certain species (e.g., mayflies, caddisflies, and midges) were associated with high concentrations. The majority of variance in the faunal and microbial data was attributable to redox potential, ammonium levels, and downwelling, rather than to chlorobenzene. Genetic fingerprinting revealed a unique microbial community at the site most heavily contaminated with chlorobenzenes, but a high degree of similarity among the other two mill sites and the reference sites (although the latter proved subsequently to be contaminated with ketones and methyl chloride). There were no differences in taxonomic richness among sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".