Pertussis immunisation in adolescents and adults –<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>epidemiology should guide vaccination recommendations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an infectious disease that is caused by Bordetella pertussis, affects all age groups and is vaccine preventable. Recently, an increase in reported cases of pertussis in adolescents and adults has been noted in many countries despite high immunisation rates in children. Today pertussis outnumbers all other paediatric vaccine-preventable diseases in some countries. This observation can best be explained by an increased awareness of the disease, the availability of new diagnostic tests and, perhaps, suboptimal efficacy of some pertussis vaccines. In general, B. pertussis infections in adolescents and adults are of concern as they are the most important source of transmission of B. pertussis infections to young, unprotected infants. Many studies with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis component combination vaccines, specifically designed for use in adolescents and adults, have been performed and excellent tolerability and immunogenicity have been demonstrated. With the availability of two such products, booster doses in adolescents have been introduced in Canada, Austria, Australia, France, Germany and the US, and many other countries are considering similar expansion of their immunisation programmes at present. In addition, universal immunisation of adults (Austria, every 10 years) or targeting high risk groups (e.g., parents of newborns and other care-givers to children; Germany) have been recommended. If lifelong regular booster doses against pertussis were to be recommended and universal implementation was obtained, the authors believe that the morbidity of pertussis and its spread to infants can be dramatically reduced, and it is possible that the circulation of B. pertussis could be eliminated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".