Apoptosis during goitre involution - the role of Bcl-2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Goitrogenesis is accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy and involves tissue remodelling and angiogenesis. During the involution of the goitre there must be removal of this increased thyroid volume, in addition to further remodelling, which may involve apoptosis. We investigated apoptosis in the involuting rat thyroid using male Fisher rats that were on a goitrogenic regimen for 14 days and then returned to a normal diet. Thyroid weights increased fourfold with the goitrogenic regimen. During involution, the largest decrease in weight was between day 2 and day 4 after withdrawal of treatment. After 34 days of involution, the thyroid weight plateaued, but had not returned to control values. High levels of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity were observed in normal and goitrous rat thyroids. These high levels were significantly reduced at 2 days of involution, after which high levels of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity returned. In situ end-labelling of apoptotic cells showed that there was an increase in the number of cells undergoing DNA fragmentation during goitrogenesis (1.0+/-0.8 cells/100 cells, n=9) compared with controls, in which no positive staining was observed. After 2 days of goitrogen withdrawal, there was a further fourfold increase in the number of in situ end-labelled cells (day 16: 4.1+/-1.7, n=9). Numbers of positive cells returned to low levels after 4 days of involution (day 18: 0.3+/-0.8, n=9). Using antiserum to apoptosis-specific protein, we found increased immunoreactivity during goitrogenesis and after 2 days of involution that was localised predominantly with the stromal and vascular tissue at both time points. The data show that rapid downregulation of Bcl-2 accompanies thyroid involution, which involves increased levels of apoptosis within the stromal compartment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".