Field Evaluation of Herbicide-resistant Transgenic Broccoli
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the field performance and herbicide resistance of lines of broccoli ( Brassica oleracea Italica Group) generated from plants transformed for resistance to the herbicide glufosinate by Agrobacterium -mediated gene transfer. Seedling vigor and vegetative growth characteristics of the first recombinant generation (R 1 ) produced by selfing the transformed lines were comparable to those of the F 1 parent (cv. Cruiser) and an equivalent nontransformed F 2 line. In hand-weeded trials, marketable yields of the R 1 -transformed lines were comparable to the parental line or the corresponding nontransformed F 2 line. A single application of the recommended rate of the nonselective herbicide glufosinate slowed the growth and reduced yields of nontransformed broccoli, but had little effect on head quality or yields of most transformed lines. Inheritance of herbicide resistance in the R 1 progeny of the R 0 transgenic plants followed standard Mendelian ratios for a completely dominant trait controlled by a single gene. The results confirm the potential for improvement of broccoli through the incorporation of herbicide resistance by gene transfer technology. Chemical name used: 2-amino-(4-hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid (glufosinate, phosphinothricine).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".