Anthelmintic Activity of Hygrophila difformis Blume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethanol extracts of aerial parts of Hygrophila difformis (Family: Acanthaceae). The Pheretima posthuma were used for all the experimental protocol due to their anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworms of ruminants and human beings. The worms were treated with the extract solutions containing three different concentrations (10, 25 and 30 mg/ml), for each extracts supplemented with 1% gum acacia in normal saline at 37 ± 1°C. Albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/ml was used as reference. The effectiveness of the extracts was judged on the basis of the loss of spontaneous movement and/or death of the worms. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of different extracts of the plant was carried out following the standard procedure. All extracts at different dose levels effectively paralyzed and killed the worm in dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.001). Maximum anthelmintic activity was found with benzene extract. Cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids and saponins were found positive in phytochemical analysis. The present study established the anthelmintic activity of H. difformis and can be utilized for the ruminants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".