Outcomes Following Plate Fixation of Fractures of Both Bones of the Forearm in Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Internal fixation of diaphyseal forearm fractures has been associated with high union rates and satisfactory forearm motion. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient-based functional outcomes and to objectively measure strength following plate fixation of fractures of both bones of the forearm. METHODS: Range of motion, quantitative strength measurements, and validated outcome measures-i.e., DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) and SF-36 (Short Form-36) scores-were assessed in a cohort of thirty patients (nineteen men and eleven women with a mean age of 43.9 years) treated with plate fixation for fractures of both bones of the forearm. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.4 years, and standardized radiographs of the forearm were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify determinants of the DASH and SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS) scores. RESULTS: Compared with the uninjured arms, the injured arms had reduced strength of forearm pronation (70% of that of the normal arm, p < 0.0001), forearm supination (68%, p < 0.0001), wrist flexion (84%, p = 0.0011), wrist extension (63%, p < 0.0001), and grip (75%, p < 0.0001). In addition, the injured arms had a significantly reduced active range of forearm supination (90% of that of the uninjured arm, p = 0.0001), forearm pronation (91%, p = 0.0028), and wrist flexion (82%, p < 0.0001). The mean DASH score (18.6 points; range, 0 to 61 points) was significantly higher than the normative value in the United States (p = 0.02). Limitations in strength correlated with worse DASH and SF-36 PCS scores. Pain and a work-related injury were independent determinants of the DASH score. CONCLUSIONS: Stabilization with internal plate fixation following fracture of both bones of the forearm restores nearly normal anatomy and motion. However, a moderate reduction in the strength of the forearm, the wrist, and grip should be expected following this injury. Perceived disability as measured with the DASH and SF-36 questionnaires is determined by pain more than by objective physical impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".