A Study of the Effect of Isoproterenol on Red Blood Cell Concentrations of Adenine Nucleotides in a Freely Moving Rat Model In Vivo*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that red blood cell (RBC) concentrations of adenine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) may be a key factor for post exercise effects responsible for cardiovascular protection.To test this concept further, we investigated the effect of isoproterenol on ATP metabolism in RBC using a freely moving rat model in vivo.Sprague Dawley rats were given either isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) or saline by subcutaneous (sc) injection.Blood samples were collected sequentially for up to 6 hours for measurement of adenine nucleotides in the RBC.Hemodynamic recordings were collected throughout the experiment.We have found isoproterenol induced 50% mortality under the experimental condition.It decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) immediately after the injection by -64 ± 22 and -64 ± 20 mmHg in less than 15 min, and increased HR steadily by +158 ± 59 bpm at the end of the experiment.Isoproterenol also increased RBC concentrations of adenine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) from 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.28 ± 0.23 mM (+500%).The rats died had much greater breakdown of ATP to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) in the RBC than those surviving from the injury (p<0.05 for all the comparison).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".