Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a case-control study to determine the association between KIR2D and KIR3D gene polymorphisms and their interaction with HLA alleles in PsA. METHODS: A total of 678 subjects with PsA and 688 healthy controls were studied. Differences between cases and controls in the frequency of individual KIR polymorphisms were tested for significance by an asymptotic χ(2) test and Fisher's exact test. Trends for increasing susceptibility to PsA from combined genotypes (HLA-KIR and HLA) were evaluated by the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Multigene logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent associations and interactions. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 polymorphisms were significantly associated with PsA. Only KIR2DS2 was associated with PsA compared with healthy controls in multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.01, 1.54, P = 0.044]. The presence of HLA-C group 2 alleles was associated with a higher risk of PsA (trend test P = 0.006). The risk of PsA is higher when KIR2DS2 is present with the HLA-C ligands (C group 1) for the corresponding inhibitory KIRs, and is highest when KIR2DS2 is present in the absence of HLA-C ligands for homologous inhibitor KIRs, compared with the state when KIR2DS2 is absent (trend test P = 0.027). The presence of HLA-C alleles that have high cell surface expression was also associated with a higher risk of PsA (trend test P < 0.001). HLA-B Bw4 and HLA-B Bw4 80ile allele groups were associated with a higher PsA risk (trend test P < 0.0001 for both analyses). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the association of the KIR2DS gene, especially KIR2DS2, with PsA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".