Experimental Investigations of Regimes of Bubble Formation on Submerged Orifices Under Constant Flow Condition
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Regimes of bubble formation on a submerged orifice under constant flow conditions were investigated experimentally. The effects of orifice diameter, surface characteristics (contact angle and roughness) and surface tension on the regimes of bubble formation were studied for a wide range of gas flow rates. In particular, the transitions of period‐1 to period‐2 bubbling regime, with pairing or with coalescence at the orifice, and period‐2 to chaotic bubbling were investigated in detail. An attempt is made to provide a generalized bubble formation regime map constructed using appropriate dimensionless numbers. The physical understanding of various bubbling regimes and the experimental data on the effects of various system parameters are expected to contribute to the development and validation of analytical and CFD models
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it