Linking Inflammation to the Brain-Liver Axis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The upregulation of plasma inflammatory bio-markers in individuals with metabolic syndromeimplies that activation of the innate immune re-sponse contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (1). Today, a large array of studies has demon-strated that activation of inflammatory pathways underlies obesity-associated insulin resistance at the liver and fat (2–4). However, little is known regarding whether obesity induces inflammation in the brain thereby disrupting the ability of insulin to control glucose homeostasis. Hotamisligil et al. (5) first established a link between obesity and the increased production of inflammatory molecules by demonstrating that tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), a proinflammatory cytokine, is overexpressed in the adipose tissue of obese mice. This finding was con-firmed in humans with obesity and insulin resistance (6,7). TNF-a induces peripheral insulin resistance in rodents (8,9) and alters insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".