Short-course fluoroquinolones in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is estimated that 50-70% of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are caused by bacterial infections. Appropriate selection of antimicrobials may lead to better outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. Respiratory fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and gemifloxacin) have a broad spectrum of activity against most AECB-causing pathogens and are used as first-line treatment in patients with comorbidity, severe airway obstruction or recurrent exacerbations. We review studies, identified through a MEDLINE search, that compared clinical efficacy and speed of recovery for short-course (≤ 5 days) fluoroquinolone therapy with commonly prescribed standard therapy (≥ 7 days). Among 177 studies reporting the use of fluoroquinolones for AECB treatment, 23 used a short-course regimen, shown to be at least as effective as standard therapy of 7 or more days duration. Furthermore, evidence suggests that short-course therapy offers faster resolution of symptoms, faster rate of recovery, fewer relapses, fewer and shorter hospitalizations, and longer time between recurrences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".