Fishy-egg tainting is recessively inherited when brown-shelled layers are fed canola meal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feeding canola meal to brown-shelled laying hens can result in the production of eggs with a fishy odor. This fishy taint is caused by the accumulation of trimethylamine (TMA) in the yolk. Trimethylamine is produced by the bacterial fermentation of choline in the lower gut. Fishy-egg tainting is caused by a SNP in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3 c.984A > T), rendering the hen unable to metabolize TMA into the nonodorous TMA N-oxide. The purpose of this study was to characterize the inheritance pattern of fishy-egg tainting when hens are fed canola meal at levels reflecting maximum use based on conventional formulation of laying hen diets. Additionally, we wished to examine the effect of choline source (choline chloride vs. canola meal) on egg tainting. In the first of 2 experiments, 6 hens per genotype (AA, AT, and TT) were allocated to each of 5 dietary treatments (0, 6, 12, 18, or 24% canola meal) for 4 wk. Three yolks per hen collected in the last week of the trial were analyzed for TMA concentration. There was a significant linear regression (P < 0.05) between yolk TMA concentration and dietary canola meal level for hens of the TT but not the AA or AT genotypes. In the second experiment, 6 hens of the TT (homozygous tainting) genotype were each assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments: the 5 diets used in the first experiment plus 4 diets that used choline chloride to match the total choline concentration of the 6, 12, 18, and 24% canola meal diets, respectively. Three yolks per hen were analyzed for TMA concentration. A significant response in yolk TMA concentration was seen with the canola meal diets but not the choline chloride diets. We conclude that fishy-egg tainting is recessively expressed when hens are fed canola meal at levels from 12 up to 24% inclusion. We also conclude that choline chloride, at levels typical of commercial egg production, will not lead to egg tainting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".