Safety Margin in Design of Pile-Supported Structural Slabs for Frost Action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper addresses design of structural slabs supported by piles founded in clay. The conventional practice of pile design for such slabs is to add together the forces produced by upward heaving pressure on the bottom of the slab and adfreeze jacking force on the piles. This leads to overly conservative designs. It is argued that the heaving force on the slab is akin to a transient uplift load for the piles, which is not directly additive to the pile adfreeze forces. A numerical experiment was conducted on free-standing piles loaded beyond their theoretical frost-resisting capacity, and on piles supporting the structural slab using a special type of nonlinear analytical model named "three-column model". The analysis showed that the design requirements can be substantially relaxed. The limiting design factor is the allowable displacement of the slab, not the ultimate pile force. A probabilistic model has been proposed to account for displacement accumulation over the service life of the structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".