Safety Margin in Design of Pile-Supported Structural Slabs for Frost Action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper addresses design of structural slabs supported by piles founded in clay. The conventional practice of pile design for such slabs is to add together the forces produced by upward heaving pressure on the bottom of the slab and adfreeze jacking force on the piles. This leads to overly conservative designs. It is argued that the heaving force on the slab is akin to a transient uplift load for the piles, which is not directly additive to the pile adfreeze forces. A numerical experiment was conducted on free-standing piles loaded beyond their theoretical frost-resisting capacity, and on piles supporting the structural slab using a special type of nonlinear analytical model named "three-column model". The analysis showed that the design requirements can be substantially relaxed. The limiting design factor is the allowable displacement of the slab, not the ultimate pile force. A probabilistic model has been proposed to account for displacement accumulation over the service life of the structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".