PANICHIITE, NATURAL AMMONIUM HEXACHLOROSTANNATE(IV), (NH4)2SnCl6, FROM LA FOSSA CRATER, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Panichiite, ammonium hexachlorostannate(IV), (NH 4 ) 2 SnCl 6 , is a new mineral species found in a medium-temperature intracrater fumarole (~250°C) at La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Aeolian Islands, Sicily, Italy. The mineral occurs as aggregates of minute colorless octahedra up to 0.2 mm in diameter on fragments of altered pyroclastic breccia, in association with alunite, anhydrite, bismuthinite, godovikovite, demicheleite-(Br) (BiSBr), BiSCl (IMA 2008–020) and two other new species, a sodium ammonium aluminum sulfate chloride (IMA 2008–057) and an ammonium bismuth chloride that is presently under study. Panichiite is cubic, space group Fm 3 m (no. 225), with Z = 4; the unit-cell parameter a is 10.064(1) A, and V is equal to 1019.4(2) A 3 . The X-ray powder-diffraction pattern is in excellent agreement with that of the synthetic compound; the strongest six reflections [ d obs in A( I )( hkl) ] are: 5.811(100)(111), 5.032(73)(200), 2.516(69)(400), 3.035(48)(311), 1.779(42)(440), and 2.250(39)(420). Chemical analyses obtained with an electron microprobe in energy-dispersion mode gave, on average, Cl 56.57, Sn 31.62, Br 1.53, K 1.05, total 90.77, with NH 4 + (by difference) 9.23, for a total of 100.00 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula [(NH 4 ) 1.90 K 0.10 ] ∑2.00 Sn 0.99 (Cl 5.94 Br 0.07 ) ∑6.01 . The calculated density for the compound with the above empirical formula is 2.423 g/cm 3 . The index of refraction n obtained using immersion methods is 1.68(1) (λ = 589 nm). The structure, including the positions of the hydrogen atoms of the ammonium ion, was refined from single-crystal diffraction data to a final R of 0.030 for 153 independent observed reflections [ I > 2σ( I )]. The six equivalent Sn–Cl distances in the octahedral SnCl 6 2− ion are 2.429(1) A, and the Cl...N distances are 3.559(1) A. The mineral (IMA 2008–005) is named in honor of Prof. Ugo Panichi, a pioneer in the study of minerals from Vulcano.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it