Germination Performance of Yellow Cosmos: Understanding Its Invasion under Tropical Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To further investigate the recently observed invasion of a new weed in the São Paulo areas, Brazil, we studied the germination performance and emergence characteristics of Bidens sulphurea. We measured the seed germination under different fixed temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C), photoperiods (18h/6h, 12h/12h, 6h/18h and 0h/24h [light/dark], respectively), light quality (white, blue, yellow, green, red and dark condition); and emergence in two seasons (winter and spring) in different sowing depths (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm). This species has the ability to germinate and emerge above 90% in a range of conditions of light, but it is very sensitive to variations in temperature, and several reductions on its germination and emergence are found bellow 20°C. The emergence of this species is severely controlled by seasonality and could occur up to 9 cm depth in Brazilian spring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".