Male‐killer dynamics in<i><scp>D</scp>anaus chrysippus</i>(<scp>L</scp>.) (<scp>L</scp>epidoptera:<scp>N</scp>ymphalidae) in<scp>E</scp>ast<scp>A</scp>frica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Within certain regions in East Africa, the butterfly D anaus chrysippus ( L .) shows female‐biased population sex ratio, because of the production by some females of all‐female broods, as a result of infection by maternally inherited, male‐killing bacterium of the genus S piroplasma . In this study, we describe a 3‐year field survey for the population dynamics of the male‐killing Spiroplasma in D . chrysippus in four independent localities, namely U ganda, G hana, S udan and M adagascar. The prevalence of the bacterium was found to show extensive variations at multiple scales among different sites, in various countries, seasons and years. A novel, selection‐based hypothesis was suggested to explain the high variability of male‐killer prevalence over space and time, based on the existence of an adaptive link between larval food‐plant density and the magnitude of resource reallocation fitness advantage for the male‐killer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".