Solid‐State Bipolar Electrochemistry: Polymer‐Based Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present solid‐state, polymer‐based, light‐emitting electrochemical cells incorporating bipolar electrodes (BPEs) positioned between the driving electrodes. The dominant processes in these planar electrochemical cells are in situ electrochemical p and n doping of the luminescent conjugated polymer when a sufficient voltage bias is applied between the feeder anode and cathode. The inclusion of floating BPEs causes additional doping at the extremities of the BPE, which has been visualized through in situ fluorescence imaging. We investigate how the applied voltage bias and the BPE size affect electrochemical doping from the BPE. We observe an interesting delay in the appearance of doping from the BPE if the applied voltage bias was initially insufficient. Doping eventually occurs when the potential difference across the BPE/polymer interface becomes sufficient, as doping from the driving electrodes propagates. The inclusion of BPEs can lead to more efficient polymer light‐emitting and photovoltaic cells when a large number of active junctions are formed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".