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Record W2100477210 · doi:10.1080/07055900.2011.637667

A Method for Estimating Monthly Freshwater Discharge Affecting British Columbia Coastal Waters

2011· article· en· W2100477210 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Jonathan Morrison, M. G. G. Foreman, Diane Masson

Bibliographic record

VenueATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Canadian institutionsFisheries and Oceans Canada
FundersFisheries and Oceans Canada
KeywordsSurface runoffPluvialPrecipitationEnvironmental scienceHydrology (agriculture)StreamflowFlux (metallurgy)Physical geographyGeographyDrainage basinOceanographyGeologyMeteorologyEcologyCartography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

River runoff is an important influence for many coastal oceanographic processes, but in many places of the world much of the flow is in ungauged rivers. The model developed here uses the historical relationship between precipitation and runoff and applies it to the ungauged areas to produce an estimate of ungauged flow. The combination of gauged and ungauged flow is then used to estimate the total freshwater discharge affecting the coastal waters of British Columbia. A distinction is made between pluvial and nival-glacial watersheds to accommodate their widely different precipitation regimes within the study area. Calendar Year and Water Year variants of the model are tested with the Water Year version proving to be superior for short time-span evaluations. Hindcasts are computed for the period 1970 to 2009, and the average annual runoff for the study area is found to be 998 km3. No statistically significant trend is found for the forty-year time series. Runoff estimates from a subset of the study area are shown to match an earlier study that used area scaling, rather than precipitation scaling. The freshwater flux estimated by this method is twice the flux predicted for this region by a global runoff model but that global model reported a suspected under-representation of precipitation. R ésumé [Traduit par la rédaction] L’écoulement fluvial est un facteur important pour plusieurs processus océanographiques côtiers, mais à de nombreux endroits dans le monde la majeure partie du débit est dans des rivières non jaugées. Le modèle mis au point ici utilise la relation historique entre les précipitations et l’écoulement et l'applique aux régions non jaugées pour produire une estimation de l’écoulement non jaugé. La combinaison de l’écoulement jaugé et non jaugé sert ensuite à estimer le débit total d'eau douce aboutissant dans les eaux côtières de la Colombie-Britannique. Nous faisons une distinction entre les bassins hydrologiques pluvial et nival-glacial pour tenir compte de leurs régimes de précipitations qui diffèrent grandement à l'intérieur de la région à l’étude. Nous testons les variables de l'année civile et celles de l'année hydrologique du modèle et nous trouvons que la version avec l'année hydrologique est supérieure pour les évaluations sur de courtes périodes. Des prévisions a posteriori sont produites pour la période de 1970 à 2009, et il ressort que l’écoulement annuel moyen pour la région à l’étude est de 998 km3. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune tendance statistiquement significative au cours de la série chronologique de 40 ans. Les estimations d’écoulement pour une portion de la région à l’étude montrent une correspondance avec une étude précédente ayant utilisé une mise à l’échelle spatiale plutôt qu'une mise à l’échelle des précipitations. Le flux d'eau douce estimé avec cette méthode est le double du flux prévu pour cette région par un modèle global d’écoulement, mais ce modèle global a utilisé des précipitations suspectement sous-représentées.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.484
Threshold uncertainty score0.973

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0030.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.226
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations107
Published2011
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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Same venueATMOSPHERE-OCEANSame topicHydrology and Watershed Management StudiesFrench-language works237,207