Mechanical stretch stimulates macrophage inflammatory protein-2 secretion from fetal rat lung cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ventilation-induced lung injury has been related to cytokine production. Immaturity and barotrauma are important contributors to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants. In the present study, stretch of organotypic cultured fetal rat lung cells was used to simulate ventilation of preterm newborns. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) and/or mechanical stretch. After 4 h, stretch enhanced LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 production in a force- and frequency-dependent manner. The maximal effect of stretch was seen with 5% elongation at 40 cycles/min. In contrast, after 1 h of stimulation, stretch alone significantly increased MIP-2 production, which was not blocked by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. At both the 1- and 4-h time points, only LPS increased MIP-2 mRNA levels. Stretch-induced MIP-2 release was associated with cell injury as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and was not inhibited by gadolinium, a stretch-activated ion channel blocker. Taken together, these results suggest that the major effect of stretch on MIP-2 production from fetal rat lung cells is to stimulate its secretion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".