Effect of colonial tunicate presence on Ciona intestinalis recruitment within a mussel farming environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aquatic invasive species decrease yields and increase costs in aquaculture operations worldwide. Anecdotal evidence from Prince Edward Island (PEI, Canada) estuaries suggested that recruitment of the non-indigenous solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis may be lower on aquaculture gear where colonial tunicates (Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus) are already present. We tested this interspecific competition hypothesis by comparing C. intestinalis recruitment on un-fouled settlement plates to those pre-settled with Botryllus schlosseri or Botrylloides violaceus. C. intestinalis occurred on all plates after 2 month, but it was much more abundant (~80% coverage) on unfouled plates than on pre-settled plates (<10% coverage). However, C. intestinalis showed higher individual growth on pre-settled plates than on unfouled plates. High reproductive potential for C. intestinalis appears to result in rapid recruitment to control plates, but this may be impeded on pre-settled plates due to competition for space, negative settlement cues produced by the colonial tunicates, allelopathy or overgrowth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".