A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Gratitude Strategies between Iranian and Malaysian Postgraduate Students
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study describes and compares the gratitude strategies utilized by Iranian EFL and Malaysian ESL learners in facing different situations. Data were cumulated from 20 Iranian and 20 Malaysian postgraduate university students having the same language proficiency through a Discourse Completion Tasks Questionnaire. Social status, size of imposition and gender are contextual and social variables which were investigated for two groups of learners in this study. Results of the study illustrated certain commonalities and differentials in terms of the strategies and type of gratitude used by Iranian and Malaysian students. A detailed analysis of the use of the gratitude strategies revealed significant differences in communicative ways of Iranian and Malaysian postgraduate students reflecting insights into understanding the differences in cultural values and norms in two non-western cultures. The results also illustrated that the two contextual factors and gender affect significantly on the type and frequency of the strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it