Critical Role of Natural Killer Cells in Lung Immunopathology During Influenza Infection in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Influenza viral infection results in excessive pulmonary inflammation that has been linked to the damage caused by immune responses and viral replication. The multifunctional cytokine interleukin (IL-15), influences the proliferation and maintenance of immune cells such as CD8(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Here we show that IL-15(-/-) mice are protected from lethal influenza infection. Irrespective of the mouse strains, the protection observed was linked to the lack of NK cells. Increased survival in the IL-15(-/-) or NK1.1(+) cell-depleted wild-type mice was associated with significantly lower lung lesions as well as decreased mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the airway lumen. Levels of interleukin 10 were significantly higher and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 and interleukin 12, were significantly lower in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from IL-15(-/-) and NK1.1(+) cell-depleted wild-type mice than in that from control mice. Our data suggest that NK cells significantly augment pulmonary inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of influenza infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".