Retraining Postural Responses With Exercises Emphasizing Speed Poststroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Postural responses are impaired after stroke, with reduced or delayed muscle activity in the paretic leg muscles. OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of exercises emphasizing speed of movement in modifying postural responses to perturbations that were not practiced was investigated. DESIGN: This was a dual cohort design. METHODS: A convenience sample of 32 individuals with hemiparesis poststroke (mean number of weeks poststroke=11.3, SD=4.1) who were recruited upon discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation hospital and a control group of age- and sex-matched individuals who were healthy (n=32) performed a single session of exercise emphasizing speed of movement. To assess postural responses to internal perturbation, unilateral arm raise and load drop tasks were performed before exercises (pre-exercise), immediately after exercises (post-exercise), and 15 minutes after exercises (retention). The time to burst peak and area of the biceps femoris muscle (BF) electromyographic (EMG) activity in the arm raise task was measured with the arm acceleration and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) excursion. For the load drop task, the anticipatory EMG deactivation area of the BF was calculated. In both tasks, the vertical ground reaction forces were recorded for each leg separately. RESULTS: Before exercise, EMG and force platform measures were smaller in the stroke group than in the control group. After exercise, the paretic BF time to burst peak decreased, the paretic BF EMG area increased, and the COP velocity increased in the arm raise task, as did the paretic BF anticipatory EMG deactivation area in the load drop task. The stroke group was weight bearing more symmetrically after exercises. Most changes were retained 15 minutes after the exercises. LIMITATIONS: The retention period was short, and there was no control group of individuals with stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this efficacy study demonstrated that fast movement exercises improved postural responses to perturbations that were not practiced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".