Experimental characterization by fluorescence of capillary flows in dual-scale engineering fabrics
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid composite molding (LCM) is an increasingly used family of processes to manufacture composite parts. In LCM, the fibrous reinforcement is first laid in a mold cavity. After closure of the mold or covering of the reinforcement with a plastic bag, a liquid polymer resin is injected or infused under vacuum through the fiber bed. A key issue and novel feature of this investigation lies in the dual-scale architecture of engineering fabrics: microscopic pores exist between the filaments of the fiber tows, while macroscopic pores are created between the tows as a result of the stitching/weaving process. On a microscopic scale, capillary flows in fiber tows and gaps between tows play a major role on the quality of impregnation of the fiber bed by the liquid resin. In order to better understand the mechanisms that govern the impregnation of fibrous reinforcements in LCM, an experimental study of wicking behavior was carried out based on capillary rise experiments. A new monitoring technique based on fluorescent dye penetration inspection (DPI) and digital imaging was implemented in this investigation to track the capillary flow front. Visual monitoring of the capillary front is coupled with Wilhelmy’s approach based on real-time fluid mass acquisition with a high resolution balance. Experimental observations of the height of the capillary front and the uptake fluid mass absorbed by the fabric were analyzed by two different imbibition models.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it