Development of Short-term Exposure Water Quality Standards for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental pollution sudden of heavy metals has posed serious ecological risks in China. However, local short-term exposure water quality standards (WQSs) are not yet established. In the present study, aquatic ecotoxicity data of Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ to local species were collected and screened. The suitability of species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methods assumed to be used to derive the WQSs was evaluated by data analysis. Then, the methodology of short-term WQSs was established with the principles of SSD and ecological risk assessment, and the tiered short-term WQSs values of Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ were derived with the established methodology. Finally, a case analysis was performed with the developed cadmium short-term WQSs and risk grades. The results may provide technical references for response to sudden environmental pollution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".