Anammox, denitrification and fixed-nitrogen removal in sediments from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Incubations of intact sediment cores and sediment slurries reveal that anammox is an important sink for fixed nitrogen in sediments from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE), where it occurs at a rate of 5.5 ± 1.7 µmol N m−2 h−1. Canonical denitrification occurs at a rate of 11.3 ± 1.1 µmol N m−2 h−1, and anammox is thus responsible for up to 33% of the total N2 production. Both anammox and denitrification are mostly (> 95%) fueled by nitrate and nitrite produced in situ through benthic nitrification. Nitrification accounts for > 15% of the benthic oxygen demand and may, therefore, contribute significantly to the development and maintenance of hypoxic conditions in the LSLE. The rate of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is three orders of magnitude lower than denitrification and anammox, and it is insignificant to N-cycling. NH4+ oxidation by sedimentary Fe(III) and Mn(III/IV) in slurry incubations with N isotope labels did not occur at measurable rates; moreover, we found no evidence for NH4+ oxidation by added Mn(III)-pyrophosphate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".