IMPACT OF SULPHATE LEVELS IN SWINE DRINKING WATER ON MANURE NUTRIENTS AND EMISSIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The effect of poor quality water available in many swine production areas on air emissions and manure nutrient properties is largely unknown. Because drinking water can contribute significantly to the sulphur intake of pigs, and sulphur was identified as an integral component of the most odourous gases identified in swine odour, experiments were conducted to determine the impact of varying sulphate levels in drinking water on manure emissions, nutrient properties, and pig performance. Results from two completed replicate trials showed that increased levels of sulphate in drinking water tended to result in higher odour concentrations, but had no marked effect on the levels of other gases monitored (ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide). Manure nutrient levels were higher in stored manure taken from rooms provided with high-sulphate drinking water. Feed intake and average daily gain of pigs were not affected by increasing water sulphate levels. These preliminary trends and observations will have to be verified after all of the five planned replicate trials are completed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".