Investigation of Water Breakthrough and Flow in Gas Diffusion Layers and Relavance to Fuel Cell Water Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water breakthrough pressures for three gas diffusion layers (GDLs): SGL 25BC, SGL 25BA, and SGL 25AA, were measured ex-situ at a water injection rate corresponding to 2.0 A/cm2 over temperature range of 20 °C to 70 °C. SEM imaging and estimates of breakthrough pressure by a "slit" capillary model indicate the dominate water breakthrough locations in SGL 25BC is via cracks in the microporous layer. The breakthrough pressures for SGL 25BA and SGL 25AA were estimated by a "doughnut" shaped-pore capillary model. The breakthrough pressure dramatically decreased with increasing temperature for the three GDLs; however, estimates of breakthrough pressure via the Laplace equation reveal that the capillarity cannot completely account for this temperature influence. Estimates for the fraction of the GDL void volume needed for water flow showed that water flows in less than 0.1% of the void volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".