The role of oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure in a chicken genotype selected for rapid growth
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study examined the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of heart failure in broilers. Data were collected from three groups of birds at various risk of heart failure: Leghorn chickens (resistant to heart failure), slow-growing feed-restricted broilers (low risk of heart failure), fast-growing ad libitum fed broilers (high risk of heart failure), and broilers with congestive heart failure (CHF). In the first part of the study, basic clinical parameters and ultrastructural changes were examined in the context of lipid peroxidation of the ventricular myocardium. This was followed by the study of in vitro changes in the activity of selected cytosolic enzymes (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and mitochondrial enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) in the presence of oxidants (hydrogen peroxide or tertiary butyl hydroperoxide). The distinctive clinical feature in the fast-growing broilers and in the broilers with CHF as compared with slow-growing broilers or Leghorn chickens was a significantly lower heart rate (P <0.05). Electron microscopy revealed marked morphological changes in myocardial mitochondria in these broilers (i.e. fast-growing broilers and broilers with CHF). The level of malondialdehyde equivalents, an indicator of lipid peroxidation subsequent to generated oxidative stress, was significantly higher (P <0.05) in ad libitum fed broilers and was highest (P <0.01) in broilers with CHF. In vitro, the presence of oxidants had a detrimental effect on creatine kinase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, while lactate dehydrogenase activity increased. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase was not altered by oxidants. Our results indicate that the deterioration of heart function in fast-growing commercial broilers in our experimental model is associated with oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation of cellular and mitochondrial membranes, and decreased activity of myocardial creatine kinase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymes critical for energy synthesis and transformation pathways.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it