Wnt4, a pleiotropic signal for controlling cell polarity, basement membrane integrity, and antimullerian hormone expression during oocyte maturation in the female follicle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wnt4 is a key signal that channels the developmental fate of the indifferent mammalian gonad toward the ovary, but whether Wnt4 has later roles during ovary development remains unknown. To investigate this, we inactivated the Wnt4 gene by crossing Amhr2Cre and doxycycline‐inducible Rosa rtTA ‐knock‐in Cre mice with mice carrying a floxed Wnt4 allele and used a novel Wnt4 mCherry ‐knock‐in mouse. In these models, ovarian folliculogenesis was compromised, and female fertility was severely reduced, and Wnt4 deficiency eventually led to premature ovarian failure. These anomalies were associated with cell polarity defects in the follicle. Within the follicle, laminin and type IV collagen assembled ectopic basement membrane–like structures, the cell adherens junction components N‐cadherin and β‐catenin lost their polarized expression pattern, and expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 was reduced by ~30% when compared with that of the controls. Besides these changes, expression of antimullerian hormone ( Amh ) was inhibited in the absence of Wnt4 signaling in vivo . Consistent with this, Wnt4 signaling up‐regulated Amh gene expression in KK1 cells in vitro . Thus, Wnt4 signaling is necessary during maturation of the ovarian follicles, where it coordinates expression of Amh , cell survival, and polarized organization of the follicular cells.—Prunskaite‐Hyyrylainen, R., Shan, J., Railo, A., Heinonen, K. M., Miinalainen, I., Yan, W., Shen, B., Perreault, C., Vainio, S.J. Wnt4, a pleiotropic signal for controlling cell polarity, basement membrane integrity, and antimullerian hormone expression during oocyte maturation in the female follicle. FASEB J. 28, 28–1568 (1581). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".