Reducing the roughness of transparent electrodes in organic photovoltaic devices on plastic substrate by PEDOT:PSS treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents our results on surface treatment of flexible polyethelene terephthalate (PET) substrates for fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The PET substrates coated with transparent electrodes (such as indium oxide, Au and Ag) have a surface roughness with a high amplitude and spatial frequency, resulting in low device yield due to the high chance of short circuit between the top and bottom electrodes. Deposition of a single layer of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) does not suppress the roughness amplitude and the microscopic images show a non-uniform and defective PEDOT:PSS layer. This work presents a double layer method that reduces the surface roughness drastically, thus improving the yield and uniformity of poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based photovoltaic devices made on PET substrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".