Record efficiencies above 21% for MIS-contacted diffused junction silicon solar cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-efficiency solar cells obtained by a simple cost-effective manufacturing process are required for a drastic reduction of the costs of solar electricity. In this paper, an improved and yet simple processing sequence for highly efficient MIS-contacted diffused n/sup +/p junction (MIS-n/sup +/p) silicon solar cells is presented. The process is characterised by: (i) formation of a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact on an n/sup +/-diffused emitter; (ii) aluminium metallisation for front and rear electrodes; and (iii) low-temperature surface passivation by PECVD silicon nitride. For MIS-n/sup +/p solar cells with the front grid defined by Al evaporation through a shadow mask, efficiencies of up to 20.6% have been obtained. Furthermore, mask-free metallised cells with a mechanically grooved front surface have been fabricated. These cells have reached a confirmed efficiency of 21.1%, the highest value to date reported for MIS-n/sup +/p silicon solar cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it