A single institution experience of extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma of nasal type
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) nasal type is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is more commonly seen in Asia and Latin America than in North America or Europe. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment outcomes with a combined modality approach and whether treatment outcomes varied according to ethnicity in patients with ENKTL, nasal type in Toronto, Canada. Patients presenting with ENKTL, nasal type, between 1994 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, including the patient's ethnic origin, treatment details and outcomes were recorded and analyzed for significant differences between Asian and Caucasian patients. A total of 34 patients were identified: 16 Asian, 16 Caucasian, one Aboriginal and one Hispanic. All patients had nasal cavity involvement. The majority had localized disease: stage I (n = 22), stage II (n = 6); and stage IV in six patients. Combined radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy was intended for 32 of the 34 patients, with two receiving RT alone. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range: 35-50.4 Gy). Response to initial treatment was observed in 44% of patients. Two-year disease-free survival was 17.8% (Asian patients: 18.8%, Caucasians: 20%, p = 0.82), and overall survival 39.2% (Asian patients: 30%, Caucasians: 42%, p = 0.52). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes in terms of patient ethnicity. A combined modality approach (with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone [CHOP] chemotherapy administered initially) is of limited effectiveness. We have now adopted the use of RT as the initial treatment approach, followed by multiagent chemotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".