The effects of antibodies to heat shock protein 70 in fertilization and embryo development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of heat shock proteins in shielding organisms from environmental stress is illustrated by the large-scale synthesis of these proteins by the organisms studied to date. However, recent evidence also suggests an important role for heat shock proteins in fertilization and early development of mammalian embryos. We found that the presence of anti-HSP70 antibody significantly reduced tight binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida of bovine oocytes and interrupted completion of meiosis II and pronuclear formation. Furthermore, the presence of anti-HSP70 in culture medium from day 3 to day 9 of development increased apoptosis and significantly reduced the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. We further observed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in bovine blastocysts was significantly lower after in-vitro culture with a prior exposure to increased temperature. However, nuclear localization of the p53 protein, which is thought to be essential for the up-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, was detected in the majority of nuclei in blastocysts exposed to increased temperature, whereas in their untreated (control) counterparts, p53 protein was only detected in the cytoplasm. The decrease in apoptosis after exposure of blastocysts to increased temperature may be attributed to cell cycle arrest resulting from nuclear localization of the p53 protein and/or to an increase in heat shock protein synthesis. We propose that HSP70 plays a critical role in fertilization and early embryonic development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".