Sustainable community water: managing supply systems in the mid-hills of Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the sustainability of rural drinking water supply (DWS) projects installed by non government organizations (NGOs), international non government organizations (INGOs) and government organizations (GOs) in two districts in the mid-hill region of Nepal. Comparative analyses of different systems installed by NGOs, INGOs and GOs, which portray the work and improvements needed for sustainability, are determined. This study shows that INGO installed projects are moving forward to sustainability in terms of performance compared to NGOs and GOs. One of the prime reasons of failure to maintain sustainability is poor involvement of women from the projects' early stages. A systematic random household survey was conducted of selected projects in the study area and this showed that most of the rural DWS projects need to improve management practices and gender equality during planning as well as operation and maintenance phases. Rural people are satisfied with DWS project water availability in their communities. Results indicate that water accessibility fails to have significant impacts on rural livelihood especially for the rural poor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".