In vivo tracheal occlusion in fetal mice induces rapid lung development without affecting surfactant protein C expression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) reverses lung hypoplasia by inducing rapid lung growth. Although increases in lung size accompanied by increased numbers of alveoli and capillaries have been reported, effects of TO on lung development have not been formally assessed. In the present study, the objective was to verify our prediction that the main effect of TO would be to accelerate fetal lung development. We have developed and characterized a new fetal mouse model of TO to best realize this goal. At embryonic day 16.5, pregnant CD1 mice were operated under general anesthesia. One fetus per dam was selected to undergo surgical TO with a surgical clip or a sham operation. The fetuses were delivered 24 or 36 h postsurgery. The maturation of lung parenchyma, evaluated by counting the generations of alveolar saccules from the terminal bronchiole to the pleura, was significantly accelerated in the TO group with a complexity of the gas exchange region comparable with postnatal days 1 and 3 after 24 or 36 h of TO. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis peaks, assessed by immunohistochemistry directed against PCNA and the active form of caspase-3, were significantly increased 24 h after surgery in the TO group compared with the sham group. However, in situ hybridization showed no significant difference in the density of type II pneumocytes expressing surfactant protein C mRNA. Our results show that brief TO during late gestation in fetal mice induces accelerated lung development with minimal effects on surfactant protein C mRNA expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".