The Significance of Hummocky Cross-Stratification (HCS) Wavelengths: Evidence from an Open-Coast Tidal Flat, South Korea
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Although hummocky cross-stratification (HCS) is one of the most common and widely recognized structures in ancient storm-dominated successions, the stratigraphic variability and environmental significance of HCS wavelength (λ) are still not widely appreciated. New evidence from an open-coast intertidal flat where HCS might not have been expected to occur shows that the HCS becomes smaller in a landward direction because of a decrease of wave size. This confirms previous suggestions that the bedform responsible for HCS is a type of orbital ripple. A review of new and previously published data indicate that HCS wavelength is controlled by the bottom orbital diameter (d0) according to the relationship λ ≈ 0.75 d0. These observations imply that the maximum size of HCS should increase with decreasing water depth from the shelf to the surf zone (breaking point) but may then decrease landward of this point because wave size is depth limited. This suggests that it may be possible to use HCS size in paleo-environmental reconstructions to a greater degree than previously.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it