Epitopes Required for Antibody‐Dependent Enhancement of Ebola Virus Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have shown that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection with Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) is mediated by interaction of virus-specific antibodies with Fc receptors or complement component C1q and its receptors in vitro. ADE activities of the antisera to the viral glycoprotein (GP) were virus species specific and were primarily correlated with immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a and IgM levels but not with IgG1 levels. Interestingly, compared with ZEBOV, Reston Ebola virus (REBOV) had substantially weaker potential to induce ADE antibodies. Using monoclonal antibodies, we identified ZEBOV-specific ADE epitopes. To confirm epitope specificity, we constructed a chimeric ZEBOV GP, the ADE epitopes of which were replaced with the corresponding regions of REBOV GP. We found that mouse antisera to the chimeric ZEBOV GP showed less potential to induce ADE activity than did mouse antisera to wild-type ZEBOV GP, although they retained neutralizing activity. These data suggest that GP lacking the ADE-inducing epitopes may increase the potential of GP as a vaccine antigen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".