A review of OSI-based charging standards and eMobility open protocols
Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, a plug in Electrical Vehicle (PEV) can be defined as a vehicle that consumes the power from a battery with a capacity of no less than 4 kw/h and the vehicle can be recharged form an external energy motive power. Electrical mobility is a new emerging field that has drawn from electrical powertrain technologies and electrical vehicles charging infrastructures in the transition toward a green smart environment. There is a need to create a solid network communication platform, standards, best practices and protocols for E-mobility. As we see, in the academic domain, less attention has been paid in the area of reviewing the e-mobility protocols and the available requirements needed for a smooth transition to the smart gird. This article focuses on the most common standards and open protocols in the field of e-mobility, especially the communication means between the PEV, Electrical Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), Central Back Office and possibly Roaming Center. Moreover, this paper provides an Open System Interconnection (OSI) network representation model for the given standards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".