Cyst‐based toxicity tests XV—Application of ostracod solid‐phase microbiotest for toxicity monitoring of contaminated soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new "culture/maintenance-free" microbiotest has recently been developed for "direct-contact" toxicity determination of contaminated sediments. The 6-day Ostracodtoxkit F makes use of the neonates of the ostracod crustacean Heterocypris incongruens hatched from dormant eggs (cysts). The new low-cost assay has already been applied in three studies on river sediment from Flanders (Belgium) and from Canada and was found to perform comparably to the 10-day Hyalella azteca and Chironomus riparius tests in detecting and quantifying sediment toxicity. Taking into account that sediments are in fact underwater soils, the ostracod microbiotest was tentatively applied on 15 contaminated soils from Flanders (Belgium), and its sensitivity (based on mortality as the test criterion) was evaluated in comparison to the 28-day reproduction inhibition assay with the springtail Folsomia candida. The results revealed that the ostracod test species was as sensitive as or, in several samples, even more sensitive than the springtails. Leachate experiments on the same soil samples also showed that in most cases ostracod mortality was a result of the (nonsoluble) toxicants bound to the solid-phase particles, rather than of those that had dissolved in the water phase. Providing confirmation of these first findings through additional studies, the new culture/maintenance-free ostracod microbiotest seems to have good potential as a low-cost and user-friendly tool for routine toxicity monitoring of contaminated soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".