LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN <i>SLITRK1</i> var321 AND TOURETTE SYNDROME IN A LARGE FAMILY-BASED SAMPLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) has a significant genetic component, yet no TS susceptibility genes have been identified definitively. Several studies have determined that first-degree relatives of patients with TS have at least a 5- to 15-fold increased risk of developing the disorder compared with the general population, an increase that represents one of the highest familial recurrence risks among neuropsychiatric diseases that are inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion.1 Recently, Slit- and Trk-like 1 (SLITRK1) was proposed as a candidate TS susceptibility gene, and a noncoding polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of this gene (var321) was reported to be associated with TS in a case–control sample.2 Additional studies in small samples or population isolates have failed to replicate this association.3,4 As part of a 20-year collaborative effort, the Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics (TSAICG) has systematically collected a clinical sample of over 1,000 patients with TS and their family members.5 We chose to screen these individuals for SLITRK1 var321 to determine a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of this variant in the white TS clinic population and to test for any association between var321 and TS. ### Methods. A total of 2,300 individuals from 646 independently ascertained nuclear families were recruited from tic disorder specialty clinics from the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and The Netherlands. A total of 1,048 individuals (172 parents and 876 offspring) were diagnosed with either TS (989 subjects) or chronic tics (CT) (59 subjects) (e-Methods on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org). A total of 440 …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".