Investigation of the Conjectured Nucleon Deformation at Low Momentum Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report new precise $\mathrm{H}(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ measurements at the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232)$ resonance at ${Q}^{2}=0.127\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/c{)}^{2}$ obtained at the MIT-Bates out-of-plane scattering facility which are particularly sensitive to the transverse electric amplitude ($E2$) of the ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ transition. The new data have been analyzed together with those of earlier measurements to yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios: $\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}({E}_{1+}^{3/2}/{M}_{1+}^{3/2})=(\ensuremath{-}2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.3}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{s}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.6}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}})%$ and $\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}({S}_{1+}^{3/2}/{M}_{1+}^{3/2})=(\ensuremath{-}6.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.2}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{s}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.5}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}})%$ for ${M}_{1+}^{3/2}=(41.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.3}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{s}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.4}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}})({10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}/{m}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}})$. The derived amplitudes give credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadrons favoring, at low ${Q}^{2}$, the dominance of mesonic effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".