Budesonide prevents but does not reverse sustained airway hyperresponsiveness in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of corticosteroids at resolving airway inflammation, they are only moderately effective at attenuating airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The extent to which corticosteroids are able to reverse or inhibit the development of sustained AHR is not known. The present study aimed to determine whether budesonide can resolve and or prevent the development of sustained AHR in mice. Mice were chronically exposed to allergen and treated with budesonide either: 1) briefly during the final weeks of exposure to allergen; 2) prolonged concurrently throughout exposure to allergen; or 3) delayed following final exposure to allergen. AHR was assessed 24 h (brief treatment) or 4 weeks (prolonged concurrent and delayed treatments) following final exposure to allergen. Brief budesonide intervention significantly attenuated the inflammation-associated AHR assessed immediately following final exposure to allergen. Similarly, prolonged concurrent budesonide treatment prevented the development of sustained AHR. Delayed budesonide intervention, however, did not resolve sustained AHR. In conclusion, the early introduction and, importantly, the persistence of corticosteroid treatment prevented the development of sustained airway hyperresponsiveness; however, the inability of corticosteroids to reverse established airway dysfunction indicates a limitation in their use for the complete, long-term management of airway hyperresponsiveness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".